一，准备Django项目-students

• 设置Django项目的位置与名称
  

二，准备静态资源

1，创建静态目录

• 在students里创建static目录
  

2，创建样式文件

• 在static里创建css目录，然后在css里创建main.css样式文件
  

* {
    margin: 0px;
    padding: 0px;
    border: none;
}

html, body {
    height: 100%;
}

.w1200 {
    width: 1200px;
}

.layui-header, .layui-footer {
    text-align: center;
    margin: auto;
}

.layui-header {
    padding: 40px 0px;
    line-height: 1.5em;
    position: fixed;
    background-image: linear-gradient(to bottom, olive, deepskyblue, cornflowerblue, mediumorchid);
}

.layui-footer {
    padding: 30px 0px;
    position: relative;
    background-image: linear-gradient(to bottom, mediumorchid, cornflowerblue, deepskyblue, olive);
}

.layui-footer a {
    margin: 0px 20px;
}

.layui-footer a:hover {
    color: red;
}

.layui-footer p {
    margin: 15px 0px;
}

.bold {
    font-weight: bold;
}

.middle {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: row;
    margin: 5px 0px;
    min-height: 500px;
}

.left-menu {
    flex: 1;
    background: azure;
    padding: 20px;
}

.right-content {
    flex: 5;
    margin-left: 5px;
    background: azure;
    padding: 20px;
}

.test-info h4 {
    font-size: 20px;
    font-weight: bolder;
}

.test-info p {
    font-size: 15px;
    line-height: 2em;
    text-indent: 2em;
}

form {
    margin: auto;
}

form table {
    width: 400px;
    margin: auto;
    border: 1px solid black;
    padding: 50px 20px !important;
}

form table th {
    width: 100px;
    text-align: right;
}

form table td {
    width: 250px;
    padding: 0px 10px;
}

tr {
    line-height: 4em;
}

table tr:last-child {
    text-align: center;
}

table caption {
    font-weight: bolder;
    padding: 10px 0px;
    font-size: 1.5em;
}

.stuinfo {
    width: 90% !important;
    margin: auto;
    text-align: center;
}

.stuinfo table {
    margin: auto !important;
    width: 90% !important;
}

.stuinfo table td {
    width: 25%;
}

.stuinfo table tr {
    border-bottom: 1px solid black;
}

.stuinfo thead {
    background: black;
}

.stuinfo thead th {
    color: white;
    border-right: 1px solid white;
}

.stuinfo table tr:nth-child(even) {
    background: #2D93CA;
}

.stuinfo table tr:hover td {
    background: #00FFFF;
}

3，添加layui框架

• 在static里添加layui框架
• 下载链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1gXt5Qd5U5GJUUSk2dzYNtA 提取码：cgn6
  此链接由我的专业老师提供的
  

4，创建脚本文件

• 在static里创建js目录，然后在js里创建main.js文件
  

三，完成基本配置

1、配置数据库信息

• 在配置文件settings.py里配置数据库信息（注意密码要换成自己数据库的密码）
  

2、配置静态文件目录

• 在配置文件settings.py里配置静态文件目录
  

3、进行数据迁移

（1）创建数据库 - students

（2）设置数据库连接模块

（3）执行数据迁移命令

• 在控制台依次执行两条数据迁移命令，生成数据表

• 查看生成的数据表
  

（4）添加超级管理员

• python manage.py createsuperuser

• 启动服务器查看
• http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin/
  
  

4，路由配置

（1）路由要求

• 主页面：路由地址为空，对应视图函数indexView，名称indexview
  -添加学生： 路由地址addstudent/,对应视图addStudentView，名称addstudent
• 显示学生：路由地址showstudent/,对应视图showStudentView,名称showstudent

（2）完成路由配置

• 配置主路由-student里的urls.py
  
  图片显示红色波浪线的原因是还没有创建对应的视图函数·

  四，创建应用-index

  1，创建index应用

• 在控制台执行：python manage.py startapp index
  
  

2， 注册应用

3，创建学生模型

• 在index里的models.py创建Student模型类
  

4，创建视图函数（空的视图函数）

• 在index里的view.py里创建三个视图函数
  
• 在主路由文件中导入上述三个视图函数
  

5，数据迁移，生成学生表

• 在控制台依次输入以下命令
  
• 查看生成情况
  
  

五，创建视图函数

1，定义初始化函数

• 在index的view.py里创建init（）函数
  

2，修改首页视图函数

3， 修改添加学生视图函数

4，修改显示学生视图函数

• 上述完整代码

from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse, redirect, reverse
from .models import StudentModel, StudentInformationModel, CourseModel
from django.forms.models  import model_to_dict
# Create your views here.
import json
# 主界面
def index(request):
    context = {
        'status': '未登录状态'
    }
    return render(request, 'studentManage/index.html', context)

# 登录界面
def login(request):
    if request.method == "POST":
        username = request.POST.get('username')
        password = request.POST.get('password')
        if not all([username, password]):
            return HttpResponse('错误！用户名或密码为空！')
        else:
            student = StudentModel.objects.filter(username=username, password=password)
            if len(student):
                # 将用户的信息存放到session中，session在中间件中是默认启用的
                request.session['user'] = {
                    'id':student[0].stu_id,
                    'username': username,
                    'password': password
                }
                context = {
                    'status': username,
                    'msg': '已登录',
                    'lenght': 1
                }
                return render(request, 'studentManage/index.html',context)

            else:
                context = {
                    'msg': '用户名密码错误'
                }
                return render(request, 'studentManage/login.html', context)
    else:
        context = {
            'status': '未登录状态',
            'length': 0
        }
        return render(request, 'studentManage/login.html', context)
#注册界面
def regist(request):
    if request.method == "POST":
        username=request.POST.get("username")
        password=request.POST.get("password")
        verif_password=request.POST.get("verif_password")
        student = StudentModel.objects.filter(username=username)
        #注册验证错误信息汇总
        error_message=""
        if not all([username,password,verif_password]):
            error_message+="注册信息不能为空;\n"
        if student:
            error_message+="该用户名已存在;\n"
        if password!=verif_password:
            error_message+="两次密码输入不一致;\n"
        #如果存在注册信息则重定向到注册页面
        if error_message:
            context = {
                "error": error_message
            }
            return render(request,'studentManage/regist.html',context)

        #注册信息有效，注册成功
        stu_data = StudentModel()
        stu_data.username= username
        stu_data.password=password
        stu_data.save()
        context = {
            'sucess': '增加成功',
        }
        return render(request, 'studentManage/login.html', context)

    else:
        return render(request, 'studentManage/regist.html')
# 退出界面
def logout(request):
    # 注销掉用户，从删除session中保存的信息
    del request.session['user']
    return render(request, 'studentManage/index.html')

# 增加数据 增加只能root用户或者管理员才能操作
def add(request):
    if request.method == "POST":
        root_information = request.session['user']
        id = root_information['id']
        root_id = StudentModel.objects.get(pk=id).stu_id
        if id == root_id:
            stu_name = request.POST.get('stu_name')
            if not stu_name:
                context = {
                    'msg': '名字有遗漏',
                }
                return render(request, 'studentManage/add.html', context)

            stu_data = StudentInformationModel()
            stu_data.stu_id=id
            stu_data.stu_name = stu_name
            stu_data.stu_phone = request.POST.get('stu_phone')
            stu_data.str_addr = request.POST.get('str_addr')
            stu_data.stu_faculty =request.POST.get('stu_faculty')
            stu_data.stu_major = request.POST.get('stu_major')
            stu_data.save()

            context = {
                'sucess': '增加成功',
            }
            return render(request, 'studentManage/add.html', context)
        else:
            context = {
                'error': '只用root用户和管理员才能操作'
            }
            return render(request, 'studentManage/add.html', context)
    else:
        return render(request, 'studentManage/add.html')


# 查询
def select(request):
    if request.method == "POST":
        id = request.POST.get('stu_id')
        if id=='':
            id=request.session['user']['id']
        try:
            stu_data = StudentInformationModel.objects.get(pk=id)
        except:
            context = {
                'error': "not found studnet id: "+str(id),
            }
            return render(request, 'studentManage/select.html', context)

        stu_course = CourseModel.objects.filter(cour_id=id)
        dct = {}
        for stu in stu_course:
            dct[stu.course] = stu.grade
        context = {
            'stu_id': id,
            'stu_name': stu_data.stu_name,
            'stu_phone':stu_data.stu_phone,
            'str_addr': stu_data.str_addr,
            'stu_faculty':  stu_data.stu_faculty,
            'stu_major':  stu_data.stu_major,
            'course_data': dct,
            'msg': True
        }
        return render(request, 'studentManage/select.html', context)

    # 删除
    else:
        root_information = request.session['user']
        id = root_information['id']
        context = {
            'msg': False,
            'id': id
        }
        return render(request, 'studentManage/select.html', context)

# 删除
def delete(request):
    if request.method == "POST":
        id = int(request.POST.get('stu_id'))
        try:
            StudentInformationModel.objects.filter(stu_id=id).delete()
        except:
            pass
        context = {
            'msg': '成功删除'
        }
        return render(request, 'studentManage/delete.html', context)
    else:
        root_information = request.session['user']
        id = root_information['id']
        context = {
            'id': id
        }
        return render(request, 'studentManage/delete.html', context)


# 修改
def update(request):
    user_information = request.session['user']
    id = user_information['id']
    stu_data = StudentInformationModel.objects.get(stu_id=id)
    context = {
            'stu_id': stu_data.stu_id,
            'stu_name': stu_data.stu_name,
            'stu_phone':stu_data.stu_phone,
            'str_addr': stu_data.str_addr,
            'stu_faculty':  stu_data.stu_faculty,
            'stu_major':  stu_data.stu_major,
    }
    if request.method == "POST":
        context['stu_id'] = request.POST.get('stu_id')
        context['stu_name'] = request.POST.get('stu_name')
        context['stu_phone'] = request.POST.get('stu_phone')
        context['stu_addr'] = request.POST.get('stu_addr')
        context['stu_faculty'] = request.POST.get('stu_faculty')
        context['stu_major'] = request.POST.get('stu_major')
        return render(request, 'studentManage/update.html', context)
    else:
        return render(request, 'studentManage/update.html', context)

六，创建模板页面

1，创建框架模板页面 - frame.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/html">
<head>
    {% load static %}
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>{{ title }}</title>
    <link href="{% static 'css/main.css' %}" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet">
    <link href="{% static 'layui/css/layui.css' %}" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet">
    <script src="{% static 'layui/layui.js' %}"></script>
    <script src="{% static 'js/main.js' %}"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="layui-container">
    <div class="w1200 margin-auto">
        <div class="layui-header w1200">
            <p class="bold">
                2021年秋期《Web应用程序设计》期末检测
            </p>
            <p>
                <span class="bold">测试时间：</span>{{ baseInfos.testtime }}
            </p>
            <p>
                <span class="bold">测试班级：</span> {{ baseInfos.clazz }}
            </p>
            <p>
                <span class="bold">姓名：</span>{{ baseInfos.name }}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bold">学号：{{ baseInfos.number }}</span>
            </p>
            <p>
                <span class="bold">当前时间：</span><span id="time"></span>
            </p>
        </div>
        <div class="middle w1200">
            <div class="left-menu">
                <div class="layui-btn-container">
                    <div class="layui-btn">
                        <a href="{% url 'index' %}" title="回到测试首页">回到测试首页</a>
                    </div>
                </div>
                <div class="layui-btn-container">
                    <div class="layui-btn">
                        <a href="{% url 'addstudent' %}" title="添加学生信息">添加学生信息</a>
                    </div>
                </div>
                <div class="layui-btn-container">
                    <div class="layui-btn">
                        <a href="{% url 'showstudent' %}" title="查看学生信息">查看学生信息</a>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="right-content">
                {% block content %}{% endblock content %}
            </div>
        </div>
        <div class="layui-footer w1200">
            <p>
                <a href="javascript:;">&copy;版权所有(2021-2025)</a>
                <a href="mailto:375912360@qq.com">技术支持（QQ:375912360）</a>
                <a href="javascript:;">关于我们</a>
            </p>
            <p>
                <a href="javascript:;">设为首页</a>
                <a href="javascript:;">添入收藏</a>
                <a href="/admin">管理入口</a>
            </p>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

2，首页模板页面-index.html

• 启动项目，查看情况
  

3，创建添加学生页面-addstudent.html

• 在templates里创建addstudent.html
  

• 启动项目，测试学生添加功能
  
  

• 查看学生表是否有记录插入
  

4，创建显示学生信息模板-showstudent.html

• 在templates里创建addstudent.html
  

• 自动项目，测试显示学生功能